I have discovered the use of 10 frames. They help young children to have good number sense. At the same time, children are encouraged to  count in 10s rather than in 1s.  There are 3 different ways in doing addition - counting on, counting all, and moving counters between 2 frames to make 10.  The concept of number bonds is also reflected in the use of 10 frames.

We can encourage a higher level of thinking for the advance learners in our classrooms. Getting them to think of ways of doing something in other ways encourages their creativity.

In our lesson planning, teachers would have to carefully think through of what we use- be it the kind of concrete experiences or the terms , as well  consider what is  the teaching goal- the concept to be learnt.